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2Artifacts in this context may be diagrams, written descriptions or virtually any other means of representation.
3 Interestingly, several studies (Turkle, 1983 and Bank Street 1984) demonstrated that in the absence of a technical explanation children will attribute magical qualities and human motivation to computers.
4The new Ziff-Davis book, How Computers Work, includes a circuit diagram which uses the plumbing metaphor. Computer circuits are shown as pipes connected to other pipes with control valves between them.
5These statistics are based on the 112 people who responded either "yes" or "no" to this question: 74 responded yes, 38 responded no.
6This percentage is based on 122 yes or no responses, 105 of 122 use a computer at work or school; 102 people have a computer at home. 8 of the 122 people do not have a computer at home, nor do they use one at work or school.
7Out of 118 people who responded to the question 58 said they were experienced users, 44 said they were beginners and 16 said they were able to write programs.
828 People who own computers identified themselves as beginners.
9See the reference in chapter three to Michael Noll's method of teaching this material in a graduate course at NYU.
Copyright © 1996 by Lisa H. Weinberg